Package 'dynwrap'

Title: Representing and Inferring Single-Cell Trajectories
Description: Provides functionality to infer trajectories from single-cell data, represent them into a common format, and adapt them. Other biological information can also be added, such as cellular grouping, RNA velocity and annotation. Saelens et al. (2019) <doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0071-9>.
Authors: Robrecht Cannoodt [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3641-729X>, rcannood), Wouter Saelens [aut] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-6248>, zouter)
Maintainer: Robrecht Cannoodt <[email protected]>
License: MIT + file LICENSE
Version: 1.2.4
Built: 2024-11-09 05:40:42 UTC
Source: https://github.com/dynverse/dynwrap

Help Index

Method process definition

Description

Method process definition

Usage

.method_process_definition(definition, return_function)

Arguments

definition

A definition, see definition()
return_function

Whether to return a function that allows you to override the default parameters, or just return the method meta data as is.

Add attraction of cells using RNA velocity

Description

Add attraction of cells using RNA velocity

Usage

add_attraction(dataset)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()

Value

A dynwrap object with the attraction added.

Construct a trajectory given its branch network and the pseudotime of the cells on one of the branches.

Description

The branch network is converted to a milestone network by giving each branch a start and end milestone. If two branches are connected in the branch network, the end milestone of branch 1 and start milestone of branch 2 will be merged.

Usage

add_branch_trajectory(
  dataset,
  branch_network,
  branches,
  branch_progressions,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
branch_network

The network between branches, a dataframe with a from and to branch identifier
branches

The length and directedness of the branches, a dataframe with the branch identifier (branch_id), the length of the branch (length) and whether it is directed
branch_progressions

Specifies the progression of a cell along a transition in the branch network. A dataframe containing the cell_id, branch_id and its progression along the edge (percentage, between 0 and 1)
...

extra information to be stored in the trajectory

Details

The resulting trajectory will always be directed.

Value

A trajectory object

Examples

dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

branch_network <- tibble::tibble(from = c("A", "A"), to = c("B", "C"))
branch_network
branches <- tibble::tibble(branch_id = c("A", "B", "C"), length = 1, directed = TRUE)
branches
branch_progressions <- tibble::tibble(
  cell_id = dataset$cell_ids,
  branch_id = sample(branches$branch_id, length(dataset$cell_ids), replace = TRUE),
  percentage = runif(length(dataset$cell_ids))
)
branch_progressions

trajectory <- add_branch_trajectory(
  dataset,
  branch_network,
  branches,
  branch_progressions
)

# for plotting the result, install dynplot
#- dynplot::plot_graph(trajectory)

Constructs a trajectory using a graph between cells, by mapping cells onto a set of backbone cells.

Description

The cells that are part of the backbone will form the trajectory. All other cells are moved towards the nearest cell that is part of the backbone.

Usage

add_cell_graph(
  dataset,
  cell_graph,
  to_keep,
  milestone_prefix = "milestone_",
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
cell_graph

The edges between cells, a dataframe containing the from and to cells, the *length, and whether this edge is directed
to_keep

Whether a cells is part of the backbone. May be a character vector with the identifiers of the backbone cells, or a named boolean vector whether a cell is from the backbone
milestone_prefix

A prefix to add to the id of the cell ids when they are used as milestones, in order to avoid any naming conflicts,
...

extra information to be stored in the wrapper.

Value

A trajectory object

Examples

library(dplyr)
dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

backbone_cell_graph <- tibble::tibble(
  from = letters[1:10],
  to = letters[2:11],
  length = 1,
  directed = TRUE
)
leaves_cell_graph <- tibble::tibble(
  from = letters[12:26],
  to = sample(letters[1:11], 15, replace = TRUE),
  length = 1,
  directed = TRUE
)
cell_graph <- bind_rows(backbone_cell_graph, leaves_cell_graph)
cell_graph
to_keep <- letters[1:11]
to_keep

trajectory <- add_cell_graph(dataset, cell_graph, to_keep)

# for plotting the result, install dynplot
#- dynplot::plot_graph(trajectory)

Add or select waypoint cells of a trajectory

Description

Waypoint cells are cells spread across all of the trajectory such that there is no other cell that has a large geodesic distance to any of the waypoint cells.

Usage

add_cell_waypoints(trajectory, num_cells_selected = 100)

is_wrapper_with_waypoint_cells(trajectory)

determine_cell_trajectory_positions(
  milestone_ids,
  milestone_network,
  milestone_percentages,
  progressions,
  divergence_regions
)

select_waypoint_cells(
  milestone_ids,
  milestone_network,
  milestone_percentages,
  progressions,
  divergence_regions,
  num_cells_selected = 100
)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
num_cells_selected

About the number of cells selected as waypoints
milestone_ids

The ids of the milestones in the trajectory. Type: Character vector.
milestone_network

The network of the milestones. Type: Data frame(from = character, to = character, length = numeric, directed = logical).
milestone_percentages

A data frame specifying what percentage milestone each cell consists of. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, milestone_id = character, percentage = numeric).
progressions

Specifies the progression of a cell along a transition in the milestone_network. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, from = character, to = character, percentage = numeric).
divergence_regions

A data frame specifying the divergence regions between milestones (e.g. a bifurcation). Type: Data frame(divergence_id = character, milestone_id = character, is_start = logical).

Value

add_cell_waypoints returns a trajectory with waypoint_cells, a character vector containing the cell ids of the waypoint cells

select_waypoint_cells returns a character vector containing the cell ids of the waypoint cells

A dynwrap object with the waypoint cells added.

Constructs a trajectory using a cell grouping and a network between groups. Will use an existing grouping if it is present in the dataset.

Description

A trajectory in this form will rarely be useful, given that cells are only placed at the milestones themselves, but not on the edges between milestones. A better alternative might be to project the cells using a dimensionality reduction, see add_dimred_projection().

Usage

add_cluster_graph(
  dataset,
  milestone_network,
  grouping = NULL,
  explicit_splits = FALSE,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
milestone_network

A network of milestones.
grouping

A grouping of the cells, can be a named vector or a dataframe with group_id and cell_id
explicit_splits

Whether to make splits specific by adding a starting node. For example: A->B, A->C becomes A->X, X->B, X->C
...

extra information to be stored in the wrapper.

Value

A trajectory object

Examples

library(tibble)
dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

milestone_network <- tibble::tibble(
  from = c("A", "B", "B"),
  to = c("B", "C", "D"),
  directed = TRUE,
  length = 1
)
milestone_network
grouping <- sample(c("A", "B", "C", "D"), length(dataset$cell_ids), replace = TRUE)
grouping
trajectory <- add_cluster_graph(dataset, milestone_network, grouping)

# for plotting the result, install dynplot
#- dynplot::plot_graph(trajectory)

Constructs a circular trajectory using the pseudotime values of each cell.

Description

The pseudotime is divided into three equally sized segments, and are placed within a trajectory in the form A -> B -> C -> A

Usage

add_cyclic_trajectory(
  dataset,
  pseudotime,
  directed = FALSE,
  do_scale_minmax = TRUE,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
pseudotime

A named vector of pseudo times.
directed

Whether or not the directionality of the pseudotime is predicted.
do_scale_minmax

Whether or not to scale the pseudotime between 0 and 1. Otherwise, will assume the values are already within that range.
...

extra information to be stored in the wrapper.

Value

A trajectory object

Examples

library(tibble)
dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

pseudotime <- tibble(cell_id = dataset$cell_ids, pseudotime = runif(length(dataset$cell_ids)))
pseudotime
trajectory <- add_cyclic_trajectory(dataset, pseudotime)

# for plotting the result, install dynplot
#- dynplot::plot_graph(trajectory)

Add or create a dimensionality reduction

Description

This can also perform dimensionality reduction of

  • The projected expression state with RNA velocity, only if dimred is a function and pair_with_velocity=TRUE

  • The trajectory, by projecting the milestones and some "waypoints" to the reduced space, only if dataset contains a trajectory

Usage

add_dimred(
  dataset,
  dimred,
  dimred_milestones = NULL,
  dimred_segment_progressions = NULL,
  dimred_segment_points = NULL,
  project_trajectory = TRUE,
  connect_segments = FALSE,
  pair_with_velocity = !is.null(dataset$expression_future),
  expression_source = "expression",
  ...
)

is_wrapper_with_dimred(dataset)

get_dimred(
  dataset,
  dimred = NULL,
  expression_source = "expression",
  return_other_dimreds = FALSE
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
dimred

Can be

  • A function which will perform the dimensionality reduction, see dyndimred::list_dimred_methods()

  • A matrix with the dimensionality reduction, with cells in rows and dimensions (comp_1, comp_2, ...) in columns

dimred_milestones

An optional dimensionality reduction of the milestones. A matrix with milestones in rows and components (comp_1, comp_2, ...) in columns

This will be automatically calculated if project_trajectory = TRUE
dimred_segment_progressions, dimred_segment_points

An optional set of points along the trajectory with their dimensionality reduction. dimred_segment_progressions is a dataframe containing the from and to milestones, and their progression. dimred_segment_points is a matrix with points (the same number as in dimred_segment_progressions) in rows and components (comp_1, comp_2, ...) in columns. Both objects have the same number of rows.

These will be automatically calculated if project_trajectory = TRUE
project_trajectory

Whether to also project the trajectory. Only relevant if dataset contains a trajectory, and dimred_segment_progressions and dimred_segment_points are not provided
connect_segments

Whether to connect segments between edges
pair_with_velocity

Can perform dimensionality reduction if dimred is a function.
expression_source

The source of expression, can be "counts", "expression", an expression matrix, or another dataset which contains expression
...

extra information to be stored in the wrapper
return_other_dimreds

Whether or not to return also the milestone dimreds and the segment dimreds, if available.

Value

A dataset object with dimred, which is a numeric matrix with cells in rows and the different components in columns.

  • If the dataset contained a trajectory, and project_trajectory=TRUE (default), dimred_milestones, dimred_segment_progressions and dimred_segment_points will also be present. These are described in project_trajectory().

See Also

dyndimred::list_dimred_methods(), project_trajectory()

Examples

if (requireNamespace("dyndimred", quietly = TRUE)) {
  dataset <- example_dataset
  dataset <- add_dimred(
    dataset,
    dyndimred::dimred_landmark_mds
  )
  head(dataset$dimred)
}

Constructs a trajectory by projecting cells within a dimensionality reduction

Description

A dimensionality reduction of cells and milestones is used, along with the milestone network, to project cells onto the nearest edge. Optionally, a cell grouping can be given which will restrict the edges on which a cell can be projected.

Usage

add_dimred_projection(
  dataset,
  milestone_ids = NULL,
  milestone_network,
  dimred,
  dimred_milestones,
  grouping = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
milestone_ids

The ids of the milestones in the trajectory. Type: Character vector.
milestone_network

The network of the milestones. Type: Data frame(from = character, to = character, length = numeric, directed = logical).
dimred

Can be

  • A function which will perform the dimensionality reduction, see dyndimred::list_dimred_methods()

  • A matrix with the dimensionality reduction, with cells in rows and dimensions (comp_1, comp_2, ...) in columns

dimred_milestones

An optional dimensionality reduction of the milestones. A matrix with milestones in rows and components (comp_1, comp_2, ...) in columns

This will be automatically calculated if project_trajectory = TRUE
grouping

A grouping of the cells, can be a named vector or a dataframe with group_id and cell_id
...

extra information to be stored in the wrapper.

Value

A trajectory object

Examples

library(tibble)
dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

milestone_network <- tibble::tibble(
  from = c("A", "B", "B"),
  to = c("B", "C", "D"),
  directed = TRUE,
  length = 1
)
milestone_network
dimred <- matrix(
  runif(length(dataset$cell_ids) * 2),
  ncol = 2,
  dimnames = list(dataset$cell_ids, c("comp_1", "comp_2"))
)
dimred
dimred_milestones <- matrix(
  runif(2*4),
  ncol = 2,
  dimnames = list(c("A", "B", "C", "D"), c("comp_1", "comp_2"))
)
dimred_milestones
trajectory <- add_dimred_projection(
  dataset,
  milestone_network = milestone_network,
  dimred = dimred,
  dimred_milestones = dimred_milestones
)

# for plotting the result, install dynplot
#- dynplot::plot_graph(trajectory)

Constructs a multifurcating trajectory using end state probabilities

Description

Constructs a multifurcating trajectory using the pseudotime values of each cell and their end state probabilities. If pseudotime values are not given, will use pseudotime already present in the dataset.

Usage

add_end_state_probabilities(
  dataset,
  end_state_probabilities,
  pseudotime = NULL,
  do_scale_minmax = TRUE,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
end_state_probabilities

A dataframe containing the cell_id and additional numeric columns containing the probability for every end milestone. If the tibble contains only a cell_id column, the data will be processed using add_linear_trajectory
pseudotime

A named vector of pseudo times.
do_scale_minmax

Whether or not to scale the pseudotime between 0 and 1. Otherwise, will assume the values are already within that range.
...

Extras to be added to the trajectory

Value

A trajectory object

Examples

dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

pseudotime <- runif(length(dataset$cell_ids))
names(pseudotime) <- dataset$cell_ids
pseudotime
end_state_probabilities <- tibble::tibble(
  cell_id = dataset$cell_ids,
  A = runif(length(dataset$cell_ids)),
  B = 1-A
)
end_state_probabilities
trajectory <- add_end_state_probabilities(dataset, end_state_probabilities, pseudotime)

# for plotting the result, install dynplot
#- dynplot::plot_graph(trajectory)

Add count and normalised expression values to a dataset

Description

Add count and normalised expression values to a dataset

Usage

add_expression(
  dataset,
  counts,
  expression,
  feature_info = NULL,
  expression_future = NULL,
  ...
)

is_wrapper_with_expression(dataset)

get_expression(dataset, expression_source = "expression")

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
counts

The counts values of genes (columns) within cells (rows). This can be both a dense and sparse matrix.
expression

The normalised expression values of genes (columns) within cells (rows). This can be both a dense and sparse matrix.
feature_info

Optional meta-information of the features, a dataframe with at least feature_id as column
expression_future

Projected expression using RNA velocity of genes (columns) within cells (rows). This can be both a dense and sparse matrix.
...

extra information to be stored in the dataset
expression_source

The source of expression, can be "counts", "expression", an expression matrix, or another dataset which contains expression

Value

A dynwrap object with the expression added.

Examples

cell_ids <- c("A", "B", "C")
counts <- matrix(sample(0:10, 3*10, replace = TRUE), nrow = 3)
rownames(counts) <- cell_ids
colnames(counts) <- letters[1:10]
expression <- log2(counts + 1)

dataset <- wrap_data(id = "my_awesome_dataset", cell_ids = cell_ids)
dataset <- add_expression(dataset, counts = counts, expression = expression)

str(dataset$expression)
str(dataset$counts)

Add a feature importance to a dataset

Description

Add a feature importance to a dataset

Usage

add_feature_importance(dataset, feature_importance, ...)

is_wrapper_with_feature_importance(dataset)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
feature_importance

The impotances of the features, can be a named vector or a dataframe with columns feature_id and importance
...

Extra information to be stored in the dataset

Value

A dynwrap object with the feature importance added.

Examples

dataset <- example_dataset

feature_importance <- runif(nrow(dataset$feature_info))
names(feature_importance) <- dataset$feature_info$feature_id

dataset <- add_feature_importance(dataset, feature_importance)
head(dataset$feature_importance)

Add a cell grouping to a dataset

Description

Add a cell grouping to a dataset

Usage

add_grouping(dataset, grouping, group_ids = NULL, ...)

is_wrapper_with_grouping(dataset)

get_grouping(dataset, grouping = NULL)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
grouping

A grouping of the cells, can be a named vector or a dataframe with group_id and cell_id
group_ids

All group identifiers, optional
...

Extra information to be stored in the dataset

Value

A dynwrap object with the grouping added.

Examples

dataset <- example_dataset

grouping <- sample(c("A", "B", "C"), length(dataset$cell_ids), replace = TRUE)
names(grouping) <- dataset$cell_ids

dataset <- add_grouping(dataset, grouping)
head(dataset$grouping)

Constructs a linear trajectory using pseudotime values

Description

Constructs a linear trajectory using pseudotime values

Usage

add_linear_trajectory(
  dataset,
  pseudotime,
  directed = FALSE,
  do_scale_minmax = TRUE,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
pseudotime

A named vector of pseudo times.
directed

Whether the trajectory will be directed.
do_scale_minmax

Whether or not to scale the pseudotime between 0 and 1. Otherwise, will assume the values are already within that range.
...

extra information to be stored in the trajectory

Value

A trajectory object

Examples

library(tibble)
dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

pseudotime <- tibble(
  cell_id = dataset$cell_ids,
  pseudotime = runif(length(dataset$cell_ids))
)

trajectory <- add_linear_trajectory(dataset, pseudotime)

Add or compute prior information for a trajectory

Description

If you specify

For example, what are the start cells, the end cells, to which milestone does each cell belong to, ...

Usage

add_prior_information(
  dataset,
  start_id = NULL,
  end_id = NULL,
  groups_id = NULL,
  groups_network = NULL,
  features_id = NULL,
  groups_n = NULL,
  start_n = NULL,
  end_n = NULL,
  leaves_n = NULL,
  timecourse_continuous = NULL,
  timecourse_discrete = NULL,
  dimred = NULL,
  verbose = TRUE
)

is_wrapper_with_prior_information(dataset)

generate_prior_information(
  cell_ids,
  milestone_ids,
  milestone_network,
  milestone_percentages,
  progressions,
  divergence_regions,
  expression,
  feature_info = NULL,
  cell_info = NULL,
  marker_fdr = 0.005,
  given = NULL,
  verbose = FALSE
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
start_id

The start cells
end_id

The end cells
groups_id

The grouping of cells, a dataframe with cell_id and group_id
groups_network

The network between groups, a dataframe with from and to
features_id

The features (genes) important for the trajectory
groups_n

Number of branches
start_n

Number of start states
end_n

Number of end states
leaves_n

Number of leaves
timecourse_continuous

The time for every cell
timecourse_discrete

The time for every cell in groups
dimred

A dimensionality reduction of the cells (see add_dimred())
verbose

Whether or not to print informative messages
cell_ids

The identifiers of the cells.
milestone_ids

The ids of the milestones in the trajectory. Type: Character vector.
milestone_network

The network of the milestones. Type: Data frame(from = character, to = character, length = numeric, directed = logical).
milestone_percentages

A data frame specifying what percentage milestone each cell consists of. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, milestone_id = character, percentage = numeric).
progressions

Specifies the progression of a cell along a transition in the milestone_network. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, from = character, to = character, percentage = numeric).
divergence_regions

A data frame specifying the divergence regions between milestones (e.g. a bifurcation). Type: Data frame(divergence_id = character, milestone_id = character, is_start = logical).
expression

The normalised expression values of genes (columns) within cells (rows). This can be both a dense and sparse matrix.
feature_info

Optional meta-information pertaining the features.
cell_info

Optional meta-information pertaining the cells.
marker_fdr

Maximal FDR value for a gene to be considered a marker
given

Prior information already calculated

Details

If the dataset contains a trajectory (see add_trajectory()) and expression data, this function will compute and add prior information using generate_prior_information()

The dataset has to contain a trajectory for this to work

Value

A dynwrap object with the prior information added.

Examples

# add some prior information manually
dataset <- example_dataset
dataset <- add_prior_information(dataset, start_id = "Cell1")
dataset$prior_information$start_id

# compute prior information from a trajectory
trajectory <- example_trajectory
trajectory <- add_prior_information(trajectory)
trajectory$prior_information$end_id

Add a GRN to a dynwrap object

Description

Add a GRN to a dynwrap object

Usage

add_regulatory_network(
  dataset,
  regulatory_network,
  regulatory_network_sc = NULL,
  regulators = NULL,
  targets = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
regulatory_network

A data frame consisting of three columns: "regulator", "target", "strength".
regulatory_network_sc

A data frame consisting of four columns: "cell_id", "regulator", "target", "strength".
regulators

The feature ids of the regulators.
targets

The feature ids of the targets.
...

Extra arguments to be saved in the model.

Value

A dynwrap object with the regulatory network added.

Root the trajectory

Description

Designates a milestone as root, and changes the direction of any edges so that they move away from the specified root (if flip_edges=TRUE, default).

Usage

add_root(
  trajectory,
  root_cell_id = trajectory$root_cell_id,
  root_milestone_id = trajectory$root_milestone_id,
  flip_edges = TRUE
)

add_root_using_expression(
  trajectory,
  features_oi,
  expression_source = "expression"
)

is_rooted(trajectory)

remove_root(trajectory)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
root_cell_id

The root cell id, not required if root_milestone_id is given
root_milestone_id

The root milestone id, not required if root_cell_id is given
flip_edges

Whether to flip edges which are going in the other direction compared to the root
features_oi

The feature ids which will be used to root
expression_source

Source of the expression, either a string or a matrix

Details

A root_cell_id can also be specified, and the root milestone will be determined as the milestone with the closest geodesic distance to this cell.

Value

A trajectory, with a root_milestone_id and with adapted milestone_network and progressions based on the rooting.

Examples

# add a root using a root cell
trajectory <- example_trajectory
trajectory <- add_root(
  trajectory,
  root_cell_id = sample(trajectory$cell_ids, 1)
)
trajectory$root_milestone_id

# add a root using a root milestone id
trajectory <- add_root(
  trajectory,
  root_milestone_id = "milestone_end"
)
trajectory$root_milestone_id
trajectory$milestone_network

Add information on overall differentially expressed features

Description

To calculate differential expression within trajectories, check out the dynfeature package.

Usage

add_tde_overall(trajectory, tde_overall)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
tde_overall

A dataframe containing the feature_id, and some other columns including whether it is differentially expressed (differentially_expressed), the rank of differential expression among all other features (rank), the p-value (pval) or corrected value (qval), and the log-fold change (lfc).

Value

A trajectory containing tde_overall, a dataframe containing the feature_id, and some other columns including whether it is differentially expressed (differentially_expressed), the rank of differential expression among all other features (rank), the p-value (pval) or corrected value (qval), and the log-fold change (lfc).

Examples

trajectory <- example_trajectory
tde_overall <- tibble::tibble(
  feature_id = trajectory$feature_info$feature_id,
  differentially_expressed = sample(c(TRUE, FALSE), length(feature_id), replace = TRUE)
)
trajectory <- add_tde_overall(trajectory, tde_overall)
trajectory$tde_overall

Add timings to a trajectory

Description

Add timings to a trajectory

Helper function for storing timings information.

Usage

add_timings(trajectory, timings)

is_wrapper_with_timings(trajectory)

add_timing_checkpoint(timings, name)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
timings

A list of timings.
name

The name of the timings checkpoint.

Value

A dynwrap object with the timings added.

Examples

trajectory <- example_trajectory
trajectory <- add_timings(
  trajectory,
  list(start = 0, end = 1)
)

Construct a trajectory given its milestone network and milestone percentages or progressions

Description

Construct a trajectory given its milestone network and milestone percentages or progressions

Usage

add_trajectory(
  dataset,
  milestone_ids = NULL,
  milestone_network,
  divergence_regions = NULL,
  milestone_percentages = NULL,
  progressions = NULL,
  allow_self_loops = FALSE,
  ...
)

is_wrapper_with_trajectory(trajectory)

Arguments

dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()
milestone_ids

The ids of the milestones in the trajectory. Type: Character vector.
milestone_network

The network of the milestones. Type: Data frame(from = character, to = character, length = numeric, directed = logical).
divergence_regions

A data frame specifying the divergence regions between milestones (e.g. a bifurcation). Type: Data frame(divergence_id = character, milestone_id = character, is_start = logical).
milestone_percentages

A data frame specifying what percentage milestone each cell consists of. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, milestone_id = character, percentage = numeric).
progressions

Specifies the progression of a cell along a transition in the milestone_network. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, from = character, to = character, percentage = numeric).
allow_self_loops

Whether to allow self loops Type: Logical
...

extra information to be stored in the dataset
trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()

Value

The dataset object with trajectory information, including:

  • milestone_ids: The names of the milestones, a character vector.

  • milestone_network: The network between the milestones, a dataframe with the from milestone, to milestone, length of the edge, and whether it is directed.

  • divergence_regions: The regions between three or more milestones where cells are diverging, a dataframe with the divergence id (divergence_id), the milestone id (milestone_id) and whether this milestone is the start of the divergence (is_start)

  • milestone_percentages: For each cell its closeness to a particular milestone, a dataframe with the cell id (cell_id), the milestone id (milestone_id), and its percentage (a number between 0 and 1 where higher values indicate that a cell is close to the milestone).

  • progressions: For each cell its progression along a particular edge of the milestone_network. Contains the same information as milestone_percentages. A dataframe with cell id (cell_id), from milestone, to milestone, and its percentage (a number between 0 and 1 where higher values indicate that a cell is close to the to milestone and far from the from milestone).

Examples

library(dplyr)
library(tibble)

dataset <- wrap_data(cell_ids = letters)

milestone_network <- tribble(
  ~from, ~to, ~length, ~directed,
  "A", "B", 1, FALSE,
  "B", "C", 2, FALSE,
  "B", "D", 1, FALSE,
)
milestone_network
progressions <- milestone_network %>%
  sample_n(length(dataset$cell_ids), replace = TRUE, weight = length) %>%
  mutate(
    cell_id = dataset$cell_ids,
    percentage = runif(n())
  ) %>%
  select(cell_id, from, to, percentage)
progressions
divergence_regions <- tribble(
  ~divergence_id, ~milestone_id, ~is_start,
  "1", "A", TRUE,
  "1", "B", FALSE,
  "1", "C", FALSE
)
divergence_regions

trajectory <- add_trajectory(
  dataset,
  milestone_network = milestone_network,
  divergence_regions = divergence_regions,
  progressions = progressions
)

# for plotting the result, install dynplot
#- dynplot::plot_graph(trajectory)

All allowed inputs for a TI method

Description

All allowed inputs for a TI method

Usage

allowed_inputs

Format

An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 16 rows and 2 columns.

Examples

allowed_inputs

All allowed outputs for a TI method

Description

All allowed outputs for a TI method

Usage

allowed_outputs

Format

An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 14 rows and 5 columns.

Examples

allowed_outputs

Calculate the attraction of cells to other cells using velocity

Description

Calculate the attraction of cells to other cells using velocity

Usage

calculate_attraction(
  current,
  projected,
  cells = colnames(projected),
  n_waypoints = 50,
  k = 50
)

Arguments

current

Current expression
projected

Projected expression based on RNA velocity
cells

Which cells to use
n_waypoints

Number of waypoints to use
k

K knns

Value

Matrix containing the attraction ([-1, 1]) of each cell to the waypoint cells

Calculate average values of a matrix

Description

calculate_average_by_group will calculate an average value per group, given a matrix with cells in the rows and some features in the columns (e.g. expression matrix)

Usage

calculate_average_by_group(x, cell_grouping)

Arguments

x

A matrix. One row for every cell; one column for every feature. The rows must be named.
cell_grouping

A data frame denoting the grouping of the cells. Format: tibble(cell_id = character(), group_id = character()).

Value

A matrix containing for each feature (column) the average

Examples

calculate_average_by_group(
  x = example_trajectory$expression,
  cell_grouping = example_trajectory$prior_information$groups_id
)

Calculate geodesic distances between cells in a trajectory

Description

Will calculate geodesic distances between cells within a trajectory. To speed things up, only the distances with a set of waypoint cells are calculated.

Usage

calculate_geodesic_distances(
  trajectory,
  waypoint_cells = NULL,
  waypoint_milestone_percentages = NULL,
  directed = FALSE
)

compute_tented_geodesic_distances(
  trajectory,
  waypoint_cells = NULL,
  waypoint_milestone_percentages = NULL
)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
waypoint_cells

A vector of waypoint cells. Only the geodesic distances between waypoint cells and all other cells will be calculated.
waypoint_milestone_percentages

The milestone percentages of non-cell waypoints, containing waypoint_id, milestone_id and percentage columns
directed

Take into account the directions of the milestone edges. The cells that cannot be reached from a particular waypoint will have distance infinity. You can also give a character, if it is "forward" it will look forward, if it is "reverse" it will look in the reversed direction

Details

The geodesic distance takes into account the length of an edge regions of delayed commitment.

Value

A matrix containing geodesic distances between each waypoint cell (rows) and cell (columns)

Examples

geodesic_distances <- calculate_geodesic_distances(example_trajectory)
geodesic_distances[1:10, 1:10]

Add or calculate pseudotime as distance from the root

Description

When calculating the pseudotime, the trajectory is expected to be rooted (see add_root())

Usage

calculate_pseudotime(trajectory)

add_pseudotime(trajectory, pseudotime = NULL)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
pseudotime

Named vector containing the pseudotime for every cell. If not given, the pseudotime will be calculated.

Value

The trajectory with pseudotime added, which is a named vector containing the pseudotime values for every cell.

See Also

add_root(), add_linear_trajectory()

Layout the trajectory and its cells in 2 dimensions using a graph layout

Description

Layout the trajectory and its cells in 2 dimensions using a graph layout

Usage

calculate_trajectory_dimred(trajectory, adjust_weights = FALSE)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
adjust_weights

Whether or not to rescale the milestone network weights

Value

A list containg

  • milestone_positions: A dataframe containing the milestone_id and the location of each milestone (comp_1 and comp_2)

  • edge_positions: A dataframe containing for each edge (from, to, length and directed columns) the position of the from milestone (comp_1_from and comp_2_from) and to milestone (comp_1_to and comp_2_to).

  • cell_positions: A dataframe containing the cell_id and the ¨location of each cell (comp_1 and comp_2)

  • divergence_edge_positions: A dataframe as edge_positions but for each edge within a divergence

  • divergence_polygon_positions: A dataframe containing the triangle_id and the location of the milestone within a divergence (comp_1 and comp_2)

See Also

wrap_data()

Examples

trajectory_dimred <- calculate_trajectory_dimred(example_trajectory)
head(trajectory_dimred$milestone_positions)
head(trajectory_dimred$edge_positions)
head(trajectory_dimred$cell_positions)

Classify a milestone network

Description

Classify a milestone network

Usage

classify_milestone_network(milestone_network)

Arguments

milestone_network

A milestone network

Value

A list containing

  • network_type: The network type (also known as the trajectory_type). See dynwrap::trajectory_types for an overview.

  • directed: Whether the trajectory is directed

  • properties: Different properties of the trajectory, including:

    • is_directed: Whether the trajectory is directed

    • max_degree: The maximal degree

    • num_branch_nodes: The number of branching nodes

    • num_outer_nodes: Number of leaf (outer) nodes

    • is_self_loop: Whether it contains self-loops

    • has_cycles: Whether it has cycles

    • num_components: The number of independent components

See Also

dynwrap::trajectory_types

Examples

milestone_network <- tibble::tibble(
  from = c("A", "B", "C"),
  to = c("B", "C", "A"),
  length = 1,
  directed = TRUE
)
classification <- classify_milestone_network(milestone_network)
classification$network_type
classification$directed

milestone_network <- tibble::tibble(
  from = c("A", "B", "B", "C", "C"),
  to = c("B", "C", "D", "E", "F"),
  length = 2,
  directed = FALSE
)
classification <- classify_milestone_network(milestone_network)
classification$network_type
classification$directed
classification$props

Convert a definition loaded in from a yaml

Description

Convert a definition loaded in from a yaml

Usage

convert_definition(definition_raw)

Arguments

definition_raw

The raw definition loaded from the yaml

Conversion between milestone percentages and progressions

Description

Conversion between milestone percentages and progressions

Usage

convert_milestone_percentages_to_progressions(
  cell_ids,
  milestone_ids,
  milestone_network,
  milestone_percentages
)

Arguments

cell_ids

The identifiers of the cells.
milestone_ids

The ids of the milestones in the trajectory. Type: Character vector.
milestone_network

The network of the milestones. Type: Data frame(from = character, to = character, length = numeric, directed = logical).
milestone_percentages

A data frame specifying what percentage milestone each cell consists of. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, milestone_id = character, percentage = numeric).

Value

A data frame with columns cell_id, from, to, percentage.

See Also

add_trajectory(), convert_progressions_to_milestone_percentages

Examples

progressions <- convert_milestone_percentages_to_progressions(
  cell_ids = example_trajectory$cell_ids,
  milestone_ids = example_trajectory$milestone_ids,
  milestone_network = example_trajectory$milestone_network,
  milestone_percentages = example_trajectory$milestone_percentages
)
head(progressions)

Conversion between milestone percentages and progressions

Description

Conversion between milestone percentages and progressions

Usage

convert_progressions_to_milestone_percentages(
  cell_ids,
  milestone_ids,
  milestone_network,
  progressions
)

Arguments

cell_ids

The identifiers of the cells.
milestone_ids

The ids of the milestones in the trajectory. Type: Character vector.
milestone_network

The network of the milestones. Type: Data frame(from = character, to = character, length = numeric, directed = logical).
progressions

Specifies the progression of a cell along a transition in the milestone_network. Type: Data frame(cell_id = character, from = character, to = character, percentage = numeric).

Value

A data frame with columns cell_id, milestone_id, and percentage.

See Also

add_trajectory(), convert_milestone_percentages_to_progressions()

Examples

milestone_percentages <- convert_progressions_to_milestone_percentages(
  cell_ids = example_trajectory$cell_ids,
  milestone_ids = example_trajectory$milestone_ids,
  milestone_network = example_trajectory$milestone_network,
  progressions = example_trajectory$progressions
)
head(milestone_percentages)

Create a TI method from a docker / singularity container

Description

These functions create a TI method from a container using babelwhale. Supports both docker and singularity as a backend. See vignette("create_ti_method_container", "dynwrap") for a tutorial on how to create a containerized TI method.

Usage

create_ti_method_container(
  container_id,
  pull_if_needed = TRUE,
  return_function = TRUE
)

Arguments

container_id

The name of the container repository (e.g. "dynverse/ti_angle").
pull_if_needed

Pull the container if not yet available.
return_function

Whether to return a function that allows you to override the default parameters, or just return the method meta data as is.

Value

A function that can be used to adapt the parameters of the method. This functions returns a list containing all metadata of the method, and can be used to infer a trajectory

See Also

vignette("create_ti_method_container", "dynwrap")

Examples

library(babelwhale)

# only run if docker works on this platform
if (test_docker_installation()) {
  method <- create_ti_method_container("dynverse/ti_angle")
  trajectory <- infer_trajectory(example_dataset, method())
}

Create a TI method from a local method definition file

Description

The local method definition file describes a method that is runnable on the local system. See vignette("create_ti_method_definition", "dynwrap") for a tutorial on how to create a containerized TI method.

Usage

create_ti_method_definition(definition, script, return_function = TRUE)

Arguments

definition

A definition, see definition()
script

Location of the script that will be executed. Has to contain a #!
return_function

Whether to return a function that allows you to override the default parameters, or just return the method meta data as is.

Value

A method definition

Examples

# See the vignette "create_ti_method_definition" to get a good idea on how
# to use this function.

# create a definition.yaml file and a run.R/py script.
# method <- create_ti_method_definition("definition.yml", "run.R")
# trajectory <- infer_trajectory(example_dataset, method(), verbose = TRUE)

Create a TI method from an R function wrapper

Description

Create a TI method from an R function wrapper

Usage

create_ti_method_r(
  definition,
  run_fun,
  package_required = character(),
  package_loaded = character(),
  remotes_package = character(),
  return_function = TRUE
)

Arguments

definition

A definition, see definition()
run_fun

A function to infer a trajectory, with parameters counts/expression, parameters, priors, verbose and seed
package_required

The packages that need to be installed before executing the method.
package_loaded

The packages that need to be loaded before executing the method.
remotes_package

Package from which the remote locations of dependencies have to be extracted, eg. dynmethods.
return_function

Whether to return a function that allows you to override the default parameters, or just return the method meta data as is.

Value

A method definition

Examples

# define the parameters and other metadata
definition <- definition(
  method = def_method(
    id = "comp1"
  ),
  parameters = def_parameters(
    dynparam::integer_parameter(
      id = "component",
      default = 1,
      distribution = dynparam::uniform_distribution(1, 10),
      description = "The nth component to use"
    )
  ),
  wrapper = def_wrapper(
    input_required = "expression",
    input_optional = "start_id"
  )
)

# define a wrapper function
run_fun <- function(expression, priors, parameters, seed, verbose) {
  pca <- prcomp(expression)

  pseudotime <- pca$x[, parameters$component]

  # flip pseudotimes using start_id
  if (!is.null(priors$start_id)) {
    if(mean(pseudotime[start_id]) > 0.5) {
     pseudotime <- 1-pseudotime
    }
  }

  wrap_data(cell_ids = rownames(expression)) %>%
    add_linear_trajectory(pseudotime = pseudotime)
}

method <- create_ti_method_r(definition, run_fun, package_loaded = "dplyr")
trajectory <- infer_trajectory(example_dataset, method())

Meta information on an author

Description

Meta information on an author

Usage

def_author(given, family, email = NULL, github = NULL, orcid = NULL)

Arguments

given

The given name
family

The family name
email

The email address
github

The github handle
orcid

The orcid id

Examples

def_author(
  given = "Bob",
  family = "Dylan",
  email = "[email protected]",
  github = "bobdylan",
  orcid = "0000-0003-1234-5678"
)

Meta information on the container in which the wrapper resides

Description

Meta information on the container in which the wrapper resides

Usage

def_container(docker, url = NULL)

Arguments

docker

The handle of the docker container
url

An url of where the docker codebase resides (containing definition.yml, Dockerfile, ...)

Examples

def_container(
  docker = "bobdylan/ti_some_method",
  url = "https://github.com/bobdylan/ti_some_method"
)

Meta information on the manuscript

Description

Meta information on the manuscript

Usage

def_manuscript(
  doi = NULL,
  google_scholar_cluster_id = NULL,
  preprint_date = NULL,
  publication_date = NULL
)

Arguments

doi

A doi identifier (not an url)
google_scholar_cluster_id

The google cluster id. Finding this id is a bit tricky; you need to find the manuscript on one of the author pages, and hover over the 'All X versions' button. Example: google scholar page, screenshot.
preprint_date

Date of publication of the preprint (format: YYYY-MM-DD).
publication_date

Date of publication of the peer-reviewed manuscript (format: YYYY-MM-DD).

Examples

def_manuscript(
  doi = "101010101/1101010101",
  google_scholar_cluster_id = "1010001010101111211",
  preprint_date = "1970-01-30",
  publication_date = "1970-01-31"
)

Define meta information on the TI method.

Description

Define meta information on the TI method.

Usage

def_method(
  id,
  name = id,
  source = "tool",
  tool_id = NULL,
  platform = NULL,
  url = NULL,
  license = NULL,
  authors = list(),
  description = NULL
)

Arguments

id

An id by which to identify a method. Should only contain lowercase letters or underscores.
name

The name of the method.
source

The type of TI method. Options are :

  • "tool": a published TI method (peer-reviewed or preprint) (default),

  • "adaptation": an adaptation of a published method,

  • "offtheshelf": a method constructed from off-the-shelf algorithms,

  • "control": a control TI method (so not actually a TI method).

tool_id

If there are multiple TI methods from the same toolkit, the name of the toolkit can be specified here.
platform

The platform the TI method uses (e.g. R, Python, C++, ...).
url

An URL to the codebase of the method.
license

The software license the method uses (e.g. GPL-3, BSD-3, Artistic-2.0, MIT).
authors

A list of authors (see example).
description

Additional information on the method

Examples

def_method(
  id = "some_method",
  name = "Some method <3",
  source = "tool",
  tool_id = "bobstoolkit",
  platform = "VBA",
  url = "https://github.com/bobdylan/singlecellvba",
  license = "GPL-3",
  authors = list(
    def_author(
      given = "Bob",
      family = "Dylan",
      email = "[email protected]",
      github = "bobdylan",
      orcid = "0000-0003-1234-5678"
    )
  ),
  description = "I love trajectories!!"
)

Meta information on the package in which the TI function resides

Description

Meta information on the package in which the TI function resides

Usage

def_package(remote, name, function_name)

Arguments

remote

The github repository handle
name

The name of the package
function_name

The name of the function

Examples

def_package(
  remote = "rcannood/SCORPIUS",
  name = "SCORPIUS",
  function_name = "ti_scorpius"
)

Meta information on the parameters of the TI method

Description

Parameters can be defined using dynparam::dynparam().

Usage

def_parameters(..., parameters = NULL, forbidden = NULL)

Arguments

...

Parameters to wrap in a parameter set.
parameters

A list of parameters to wrap in a parameter set.
forbidden

States forbidden region of parameter via a character vector, which will be turned into an expression.

Examples

library(dynparam)
def_parameters(
  character_parameter(id = "method", default = "one", values = c("one", "two", "three")),
  integer_parameter(
    id = "ndim",
    default = 3L,
    distribution = uniform_distribution(lower = 2L, upper = 20L)
  ),
  numeric_parameter(
    id = "beta",
    default = 0.005,
    distribution = expuniform_distribution(lower = 1e-10, upper = 1)
  )
)

Meta information on the wrapper

Description

Meta information on the wrapper

Usage

def_wrapper(
  input_required,
  input_optional = character(),
  type = "trajectory",
  topology_inference = NULL,
  trajectory_types = character()
)

Arguments

input_required

The required inputs for this method. See dynwrap::allowed_inputs().
input_optional

Optional inputs for this method. See dynwrap::allowed_inputs().
type

Which type of trajectory post-processing is used. Possible values: "trajectory" (default), "linear_trajectory", "cyclic_trajectory", "branch_trajectory", "cluster_graph", "dimred_projection", "end_state_probabilities", "cell_graph".
topology_inference

Whether the topology is fixed ("fixed"), free ("free"), or fixed by a parameter provided to the algorithm ("param").
trajectory_types

The possible trajectory types this method can return. Must be a subset of c("cyclic", "linear", "bifurcation", "convergence", "multifurcation", "tree", "graph", "acyclic_graph", "disconnected_graph")

Examples

def_wrapper(
  input_required = c("expression", "start_id"),
  input_optional = "groups_n",
  type = "dimred_projection",
  trajectory_types = c("linear", "cyclic"),
  topology_inference = "free"
)

Create a definition

Description

A definition contains meta information on a TI method and various aspects thereof. For brevity, the example only contains a minimum example, check the documentation of the ⁠def_*⁠ helper functions for more extensive examples.

Usage

definition(
  method,
  wrapper,
  manuscript = NULL,
  container = NULL,
  package = NULL,
  parameters = parameter_set()
)

is_ti_method(method)

Arguments

method

Meta information on the TI method (see def_method()).
wrapper

Meta information on the wrapper itself (see def_wrapper()).
manuscript

Meta information on the manuscript, if applicable (see def_manuscript()).
container

Meta information on the container in which the wrapper resides, if applicable (see def_container()).
package

Meta information on the package in which the wrapper resides, if applicable (see def_package()).
parameters

Meta information on the parameters of the TI method (see def_parameters()).

Value

A method definition

Examples

library(dynparam)
definition(
  method = def_method(id = "some_method"),
  wrapper = def_wrapper(input_required = "expression"),
  parameters = parameter_set(
    integer_parameter(id = "k", default = 5L, distribution = uniform_distribution(3L, 20L))
  )
)

Inferring and adapting single-cell trajectories

Description

logo.png

Example dataset

Description

Example dataset

Usage

example_dataset

Format

An object of class dynwrap::with_dimred (inherits from dynwrap::with_expression, dynwrap::data_wrapper, list) of length 11.

Example trajectory

Description

Example trajectory

Usage

example_trajectory

Format

An object of class dynwrap::with_dimred (inherits from dynwrap::with_cell_waypoints, dynwrap::with_prior, dynwrap::with_trajectory, dynwrap::with_dimred, dynwrap::with_expression, dynwrap::data_wrapper, list) of length 21.

Flip a set of edges of the milestone network

Description

Note that this will remove associated roots, reroot the trajectory using add_root()

Usage

flip_edges(trajectory, milestone_network_toflip)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
milestone_network_toflip

A dataframe with a from and to column, containing the subset of the milestone network #'

Value

A trajectory object

Gather cells to their closest milestones

Description

Cells will be moved to their closest milestones.

Usage

gather_cells_at_milestones(trajectory)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()

Value

A trajectory where cells where moved to the closest milestone, the milestone_percentages and progressions will be adapated.

Examples

trajectory <- example_trajectory
trajectory <- gather_cells_at_milestones(trajectory)
head(trajectory$milestone_percentages)

Generate the parameter documentation of a method, use with ⁠@eval⁠

Description

Generate the parameter documentation of a method, use with ⁠@eval⁠

Usage

generate_parameter_documentation(definition)

Arguments

definition

The definition which contain the parameters

Value

A character vector containing the roxygen tags

Get the default parameters of a method

Description

Get the default parameters of a method

Usage

get_default_parameters(definition)

Arguments

definition

A TI method description

Return all TI that are installed in one or more packages

Description

Return all TI that are installed in one or more packages

Usage

get_ti_methods(
  method_ids = NULL,
  as_tibble = TRUE,
  ti_packages = ifelse(is_dynmethods_installed(), "dynmethods", "dynwrap"),
  evaluate = FALSE
)

Arguments

method_ids

The method identifiers. NULL if listing all methods
as_tibble

Whether or not to return the ti_methods as a tibble
ti_packages

In which packages to look for TI methods. This will by default look into dynmethods if it is installed, otherwise in dynwrap.
evaluate

Whether to evaluate the functions

Value

A dataframe (or list if as_tibble = FALSE) containing the name (id) of the TI method and the function (fun) to load in the method.

Examples

head(get_ti_methods())

Create a grouping from a trajectory

Description

Grouping cells onto their edges, or grouping cells onto their nearest milestones

Usage

group_onto_trajectory_edges(trajectory, group_template = "{from}->{to}")

group_onto_nearest_milestones(trajectory)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
group_template

Processed by glue::glue to name the group

Infer one or more trajectories from a single-cell dataset

Description

Infer one or more trajectories from a single-cell dataset

Usage

infer_trajectories(
  dataset,
  method,
  parameters = NULL,
  give_priors = NULL,
  seed = random_seed(),
  verbose = FALSE,
  return_verbose = FALSE,
  debug = FALSE,
  map_fun = map
)

infer_trajectory(
  dataset,
  method,
  parameters = NULL,
  give_priors = NULL,
  seed = random_seed(),
  verbose = FALSE,
  return_verbose = FALSE,
  debug = FALSE,
  ...
)

Arguments

dataset

One or more datasets as created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression(). Prior information can be added using add_prior_information().
method

One or more methods. Must be one of:

  • an object or list of ti_... objects (e.g. dynmethods::ti_comp1,

  • a character vector containing the names of methods to execute (e.g. "scorpius"),

  • a character vector containing dockerhub repositories (e.g. dynverse/paga), or

  • a dynguidelines data frame.

parameters

A set of parameters to be used during trajectory inference. A parameter set must be a named list of parameters. If multiple methods were provided in the method parameter, parameters must be an unnamed list of the same length.
give_priors

All the priors a method is allowed to receive. Must be a subset of all available priors (priors).
seed

A seed to be passed to the TI method.
verbose

Whether or not to print information output.
return_verbose

Whether to store and return messages printed by the method.
debug

Used for debugging containers methods.
map_fun

A map function to use when inferring trajectories with multiple datasets or methods. Allows to parallellise the execution in an arbitrary way.
...

Any additional parameters given to the method, will be concatenated to the parameters argument

Value

infer_trajectory: A trajectory object, which is a list containing

  • milestone_ids: The names of the milestones, a character vector.

  • milestone_network: The network between the milestones, a dataframe with the from milestone, to milestone, length of the edge, and whether it is directed.

  • divergence_regions: The regions between three or more milestones where cells are diverging, a dataframe with the divergence id, the milestone id and whether this milestone is the start of the divergence

  • milestone_percentages: For each cell its closeness to a particular milestone, a dataframe with the cell id, the milestone id, and its percentage (a number between 0 and 1 where higher values indicate that a cell is close to the milestone).

  • progressions: For each cell its progression along a particular edge of the milestone_network. Contains the same information as milestone_percentages. A dataframe with cell id, from milestone, to milestone, and its percentage (a number between 0 and 1 where higher values indicate that a cell is close to the 'to' milestone and far from the 'from' milestone).

  • cell_ids: The names of the cells

Some methods will include additional information in the output, such as

  • A dimensionality reduction (dimred), the location of the trajectory milestones and edges in this dimensionality reduction (dimred_milestones, dimred_segment_progressions and dimred_segment_points). See add_dimred() for more information on these objects.

  • A cell grouping (grouping). See add_grouping() for more information on this object.

infer_trajectories: A tibble containing the dataset and method identifiers (dataset_id and method_id), the trajectory model as described above (model), and a summary containing the execution times, output and error if appropriate

Examples

dataset <- example_dataset
method <- get_ti_methods(as_tibble = FALSE)[[1]]$fun

trajectory <- infer_trajectory(dataset, method())

head(trajectory$milestone_network)
head(trajectory$progressions)

Label milestones either manually (label_milestones) or using marker genes (label_milestones_markers)

Description

label_milestones can be used to manually assign labels to a milestone using their identifiers

Usage

label_milestones(trajectory, labelling)

label_milestones_markers(
  trajectory,
  markers,
  expression_source = "expression",
  n_nearest_cells = 20
)

is_wrapper_with_milestone_labelling(trajectory)

get_milestone_labelling(trajectory, label_milestones = NULL)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
labelling

Named character vector containing for a milestone a new label
markers

List containing for each label a list of marker genes
expression_source

The expression source
n_nearest_cells

The number of nearest cells to use for extracting milestone expression
label_milestones

How to label the milestones. Can be TRUE (in which case the labels within the trajectory will be used), "all" (in which case both given labels and milestone_ids will be used), a named character vector, or FALSE

Details

label_milestones_markers will assign a label to a milestone if its marker profile most closely resembles a given profile

Value

label_milestones: A trajectory object with milestone_labelling, a named vector where milestone identifiers are mapped to their labels

get_milestone_labelling: A named vector giving a mapping between milestones and their labels. If certain milestones were not given a label, this vector will give the identifiers themselves.

Examples

trajectory <- example_trajectory

# manual labelling
trajectory <- label_milestones(
  trajectory,
  labelling = c("milestone_begin" = "Let's go")
)
get_milestone_labelling(trajectory)

# marker gene labelling
trajectory <- label_milestones_markers(
  trajectory,
  markers = list(A_high = "A")
)
get_milestone_labelling(trajectory)

is_wrapper_with_milestone_labelling(trajectory)

Metadata on prior usages

Description

Metadata on prior usages

Usage

prior_usages

Format

An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 3 rows and 2 columns.

Examples

prior_usages

Metadata on priors

Description

Metadata on priors

Usage

priors

Format

An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 13 rows and 6 columns.

Examples

priors

Project a trajectory onto a dimensionality reduction

Description

Project a trajectory onto a dimensionality reduction

Usage

project_trajectory(
  trajectory,
  dimred,
  waypoints = select_waypoints(trajectory),
  trajectory_projection_sd = sum(trajectory$milestone_network$length) * 0.05
)

project_milestones(
  trajectory,
  dimred,
  trajectory_projection_sd = sum(trajectory$milestone_network$length) * 0.05
)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
dimred

The dimensionality reduction of the cells. A matrix with the positions of cells (rows) in the dimensions (columns)
waypoints

A set of waypoints, which can be created by select_waypoints(). It is a list containing:

  • waypoints: a dataframe containing in the very least the waypoint_id

  • milestone_percentages: the positions of waypoints withing the trajectory

  • geodesic_distances: matrix with precalculated geodesic distances between waypoints (rows) and cells (columns), optional

trajectory_projection_sd

The standard deviation of the gaussian kernel

Value

A list containing

  • dimred_segment_points: The dimensionality reduction of a set of points along the trajectory. A matrix with the position of points (rows) in the dimensions (columns)

  • dimred_segment_progressions The progressions of the points. A dataframe containing the from and to milestones, and their progression. Has the same number of rows as dimred_segment_points

  • dimred_milestones: The dimensionality reduction of the milestones. A matrix with the position of milestones (rows) in the dimensions (columns)

These objects can be given to add_dimred()

See Also

add_dimred()

Project waypoints of a trajectory (e.g. milestones) into a space defined by cells (e.g. expression or a dimensionality reduction)

Description

This will first calculate the geodesic distance of each cell to the waypoint. This distance is used as a weight

Usage

project_waypoints(
  trajectory,
  space,
  waypoints = select_waypoints(trajectory),
  trajectory_projection_sd = sum(trajectory$milestone_network$length) * 0.05
)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
space

A matrix with cells in rows and different dimensions in the columns. This is typically an expression matrix or a dimensionality reduction
waypoints

A set of waypoints, which can be created by select_waypoints(). It is a list containing:

  • waypoints: a dataframe containing in the very least the waypoint_id

  • milestone_percentages: the positions of waypoints withing the trajectory

  • geodesic_distances: matrix with precalculated geodesic distances between waypoints (rows) and cells (columns), optional

trajectory_projection_sd

The standard deviation of the gaussian kernel

Value

A matrix in which the waypoints (rows) were projected into a new space defined by the same number of dimensions (columns) as in the space argument

Generate a random seed

Description

From the current seed.

Usage

random_seed()

Value

A random seed

Examples

random_seed()

Add or create waypoints to a trajectory

Description

Waypoints are points along the trajectory, which do not necessarily correspond to cells. They are selected in such a way that all parts of the trajectory are covered

Usage

select_waypoints(
  trajectory,
  n_waypoints = 200,
  trafo = sqrt,
  resolution = sum(trafo(trajectory$milestone_network$length))/n_waypoints,
  recompute = FALSE
)

add_waypoints(
  trajectory,
  n_waypoints = 200,
  trafo = sqrt,
  resolution = sum(trafo(trajectory$milestone_network$length))/n_waypoints,
  recompute = FALSE
)

is_wrapper_with_waypoints(trajectory)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
n_waypoints

The number of waypoints
trafo

Transformation function of the edge lengths
resolution

The resolution of the waypoints, measured in the same units as the lengths of the milestone network edges, will be automatically computed using n_waypoints
recompute

Force recompute

Value

add_waypoints returns the trajectory with waypoints added, which is a list containing:

  • milestone_percentages and progressions: The milestone percentages and progressions of each waypoint, in the same format as the cell equivalents (see add_trajectory()) but with a waypoint_id column instead of a cell_id column

  • geodesic_distances: a matrix with the geodesic distance of each waypoint (rows) to every cell (columns)

  • waypoint_network: a dataframe containing the network between consecutive waypoints, it contains information on the connected waypoints (from and to) and the edge on which they reside (from_milestone_id and to_milestone_id)

  • waypoints: the waypoint identifiers

**select_waypoints returns the list as mentioned in add_waypoints

Simplify an igraph network such that consecutive linear edges are removed

Description

  • Nodes with degree 2 (or indegree 1 and outdegree 1) are removed: A -> B -> C becomes A -> C

  • Cycles contain at least 3 nodes, ie. A -> B -> A becomes A -> B -> C -> A

  • Loops are converted to a cycle, unless allow_self_loops = TRUE

  • Duplicated edges are removed, unless allow_duplcated_edges = FALSE

Usage

simplify_igraph_network(
  gr,
  allow_duplicated_edges = TRUE,
  allow_self_loops = TRUE,
  force_keep = NULL,
  edge_points = NULL
)

Arguments

gr

An igraph object, see igraph::graph()
allow_duplicated_edges

Whether or not to allow duplicated edges between nodes.
allow_self_loops

Whether or not to allow self loops.
force_keep

Nodes that will not be removed under any condition
edge_points

Points that are on edges

Value

An igraph object, or a list with an igraph object and a data frame with edge points

Examples

net <- data.frame(
  from = 1:2,
  to = 2:3,
  length = 1,
  directed = TRUE,
  stringsAsFactors = F
)
gr <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(net)
simplify_igraph_network(gr)

net <- data.frame(
  from = c(1, 2, 3, 1),
   to = c(2, 3, 1, 4),
    length = 1,
    directed = TRUE,
    stringsAsFactors = F
)
gr <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(net)
simplify_igraph_network(gr)

net <- data.frame(
  from = c(1, 2, 3, 4),
   to = c(2, 3, 1, 5),
    length = 1,
    directed = TRUE,
    stringsAsFactors = F
)
gr <- igraph::graph_from_data_frame(net)
simplify_igraph_network(gr)

Simplify a trajectory by removing transient milestones

Description

  • Milestones that are not a leaf or a branching point are removed: A -> B -> C becomes A -> C

  • Cycles contain at least 3 nodes, ie. A -> B -> A becomes A -> B -> C -> A

  • Loops are converted to a cycle, unless allow_self_loops = TRUE

Usage

simplify_trajectory(trajectory, allow_self_loops = FALSE)

Arguments

trajectory

The trajectory as created by infer_trajectory() or add_trajectory()
allow_self_loops

Whether or not to allow self loops.

Details

The positions of the cells within the trajectory remain the same.

Value

A trajectory object

A DAG connecting different trajectory types

Description

A DAG connecting different trajectory types

Usage

trajectory_type_dag

Format

An object of class tbl_graph (inherits from igraph) of length 9.

Examples

trajectory_type_dag

Metadata on the trajectory types

Description

Metadata on the trajectory types

Usage

trajectory_types

Format

An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 9 rows and 6 columns.

Examples

trajectory_types

A data wrapper for datasets and trajectories

Description

A data wrapper for datasets and trajectories

Usage

wrap_data(
  id = NULL,
  cell_ids,
  cell_info = NULL,
  feature_ids = NULL,
  feature_info = NULL,
  ...
)

is_data_wrapper(dataset)

Arguments

id

A unique identifier for the data. If NULL, a random string will be generated.
cell_ids

The identifiers of the cells.
cell_info

Optional meta-information pertaining the cells.
feature_ids

The identifiers of the features.
feature_info

Optional meta-information pertaining the features.
...

Extra information to be stored in the wrapper.
dataset

A dataset created by wrap_data() or wrap_expression()

Value

A list containing id, cell_ids and cell_info (if specified)

Examples

dataset <- wrap_data(
  cell_ids = c("A", "B", "C")
)
dataset$cell_ids

Create a wrapper object with expression and counts

Description

Projected expression based on RNA velocity can also be added to the wrapper through the expression_future argument

Usage

wrap_expression(
  id = NULL,
  expression,
  counts,
  cell_info = NULL,
  feature_info = NULL,
  expression_future = NULL,
  ...
)

Arguments

id

A unique identifier for the data. If NULL, a random string will be generated.
expression

The normalised expression values of genes (columns) within cells (rows). This can be both a dense and sparse matrix.
counts

The counts values of genes (columns) within cells (rows). This can be both a dense and sparse matrix.
cell_info

Optional meta-information pertaining the cells.
feature_info

Optional meta-information of the features, a dataframe with at least feature_id as column
expression_future

Projected expression using RNA velocity of genes (columns) within cells (rows). This can be both a dense and sparse matrix.
...

extra information to be stored in the dataset

Details

Information about the cells and/or features can be added through cell_info and feature_info

Examples

dataset <- wrap_expression(
  counts = example_dataset$counts,
  expression = example_dataset$expression,
  expression_future = example_dataset$expression_future
)

dataset$counts[1:10, 1:3]
dataset$expression[1:10, 1:3]
dataset$expression_future[1:10, 1:3]

Metadata on wrapper types

Description

Metadata on wrapper types

Usage

wrapper_types

Format

An object of class tbl_df (inherits from tbl, data.frame) with 7 rows and 4 columns.

Examples

wrapper_types